Likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC ke likarolo tse rarahaneng tse hlahisoang ho sebelisoa mochini oa Computer Numerical Control (CNC), theknoloji e fetolang indasteri ea tlhahiso ka ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala, ho sebetsa hantle le ho pheta-pheta ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Likarolo tsena li bohlokoa ho likarolo tse ngata, ho tloha ho sefofane le likoloi ho isa ho tsa bongaka le tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e batla ho nepahala le lijeometri tse rarahaneng tseo machining a CNC a fanang ka tsona ka ts'epo.

● The CNC Machining Process

CNC machining e kenyelletsa taolo ea othomathike ea lisebelisoa tsa mochini ka sistimi ea komporo, ho nkela ho kenella ka letsoho ka mananeo a nepahetseng. Ts'ebetso e qala ka ho theha moralo oa dijithale o sebelisa software ea Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Moralo ona o fetoloa lenaneo le ka baloang ke mochini oa CNC ka software ea Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Hang ha lenaneo le kentsoe mochineng oa CNC, le laola ka hloko motsamao, lebelo, le boemo ba lisebelisoa tse amehang, ho netefatsa hore sehiloeng se seng le se seng, se boreki, le sephetho se kopana hantle.

Theknoloji e nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa machining tse nepahetseng ka ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse kang tšepe, lipolasetiki le li-composite. Ho feto-fetoha ha mechine ea CNC-ho tloha ho mechine e silang, lathes, le li-grinders ho ea ho li-routers-ho lumella hore ho thehoe likaroloana tse nang le libopeho tse rarahaneng le liphetho tse ikhethang tse ka ba thata kapa tse ke keng tsa etsoa ka mekhoa ea setso.

● Mefuta ea likarolo tsa CNC Machining

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e etselitsoe lits'ebetso le litlhoko tse ikhethang. Mokhahlelo o mong o tloaelehileng ke likarolo tsa ho sila, tse hlahisoang ke mechini ea ho sila ea CNC e sebelisang li-cutters tsa rotary ho tlosa thepa ho tsoa ho workpiece. Likarolo tsena hangata li na le li-geometri tse rarahaneng, lipokotho le likhokahano tse rarahaneng tsa bohlokoa indastering e kang ea sefofane le liroboto.

Likarolo tse fetolang ke karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa, e entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa CNC tse potolohang karolo ea mosebetsi ha sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha se emeng se e bopa. Likarolo tsena hangata li kenyelletsa li-shafts, bushings le likarolo tse ling tsa cylindrical, tse bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea mochini oa likoloi le oa indasteri.

Ho feta moo, likarolo tsa machining tse nepahetseng li ka hlahisoa ka ho sila ha CNC, ho kenyelletsang tšebeliso ea mabili a abrasive ho fihlela ho nepahala ha maemo a holimo le liphetho tse boreleli. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo tse hlokang mamello le boleng bo holimo, joalo ka li-implants tsa bongaka le li-bearings tse phahameng - tse nepahetseng.

● Melemo ea likarolo tsa CNC Machining

Monyetla o ka sehloohong oa likarolo tsa machining tsa CNC o holim'a ho nepahala ha tsona le ho pheta-pheta. Sebopeho se ikemetseng sa mechine ea CNC se tiisa hore karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlahisoang e khomarela lintlha tse tobileng tse hlalositsoeng ka moralo oa digital, ho fokotsa phoso ea batho le ho fetoha. Ho lumellana hona ho bohlokoa lits'ebetsong moo le ho kheloha ho honyenyane ho ka bakang ho hloleha ha likarolo kapa ho fokotsa ts'ebetso.

CNC machining e boetse e fana ka nako ea bohlokoa le ho boloka litšenyehelo. Bokhoni ba ho etsa prototype ka potlako le ho hlahisa likarolo tse ngata tse nang le liphetoho tse fokolang tsa ho seta ho fokotsa linako tsa ho etella pele le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka kakaretso. Ho feta moo, mechini ea CNC e ka sebetsa e sa khaotse, ea eketsa tlhahiso le katleho, e leng molemo haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng -

Molemo o mong o hlokomelehang ke ho tenyetseha ha machining a CNC. Theknoloji e ka amohela mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa le meralo e rarahaneng, e lumellang bahlahisi ho hlahisa likarolo tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho bohlokoa liindastering tse batlang litharollo tse ikhethileng le likarolo tse nang le thepa e ikhethang, joalo ka ho hanyetsa mocheso, matla kapa ho lumellana ha lintho.

● Lisebelisoa tsa likarolo tsa CNC Machining

Ts'ebeliso ea likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC ha e na moeli, ka lebaka la bokhoni ba theknoloji ea ho sebetsana le liindasteri le litlhoko tse fapaneng. Lefapheng la sepakapaka, likarolo tsa CNC li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo tse mamellang maemo a feteletseng le mamello e matla, joalo ka mahare a turbine le likarolo tsa meralo.

Indastering ea bongaka, likarolo tsa mochini o nepahetseng li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa, li-implants le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo. Boemo bo phahameng ba ho nepahala le ho itloaetsa ho ka khonehang ka mochini oa CNC ho netefatsa hore likarolo tsena li kopana le litekanyetso tse thata tsa taolo le ho sebetsa ka ts'epo lits'ebetsong tse hlokolosi.

Indasteri ea likoloi e boetse e rua molemo haholo ho tsoa ho likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC, tse kenyelletsang likarolo tsa enjene, likarolo tsa phetisetso le likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa 'mele. Ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle ha theknoloji ho lumella bahlahisi ho hlahisa likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo tse ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea koloi, polokeho le ts'epahalo.

Qetellong, likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC li emela sehlohlolong sa tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale, e tšoauoang ka ho nepahala, ts'ebetso le ho ikamahanya le maemo. Ka ho sebelisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea CNC, liindasteri hohle li ka hlahisa likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo tse fihlelang maemo a tsona le ho kenya letsoho tsoelopeleng ea mahlale le boqapi.

Ho utloisisa likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa tsa mochini oa CNC

Mechini ea CNC e fetotse tlhahiso ka ho etsa hore ho be le likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo, tse nepahetseng tse nang le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea batho. Ho ananela ka botlalo bokhoni ba mochini oa CNC, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa tse etsang litsamaiso tsena tse tsoetseng pele: sistimi ea taolo, sistimi ea mochini, le sistimi ea maikutlo. Likarolo tsena li sebetsa 'moho ntle le moroallo ho netefatsa popo e nepahetseng le e sebetsang ea likarolo tse rarahaneng, e fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta ts'ebetso ea mochini oa matsoho.

● Tsamaiso ea ho Laola

●

○ The Never Center of CNC Machining

Sistimi ea taolo ke pelo le moea oa mochini oa CNC. E fetolela khoutu ea lenaneo, e tsejoang e le G-code le M-code, ho phethahatsa ts'ebetso e lakatsehang ea machining. Sistimi ena e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

1. Panel ea Taolo : Sehlopha sa taolo se sebetsa e le sebopeho sa mosebedisi, se lumellang basebedisi ho kenya litaelo, ho fetola litekanyetso, le ho shebella ts'ebetso ea machining. E na le litsamaiso tse fapaneng le lipontšo tse tsamaisang 'nete - tšebelisano ea nako le mochini oa CNC.

2. Input Device : Sesebelisoa sena e ka ba sebali sa litheipi, sebali sa litheipi sa makenete, kapa sehokelo sa puisano sa RS-232-C, har'a tse ling. Sesebelisoa sa ho kenya se fepa karolo ea taolo ea mochini ka litaelo tse hlophisitsoeng esale pele tse hlokahalang ho hlahisa karolo e itseng.

3. Setsi sa Taolo ea Mochini (MCU) : MCU ha e le hantle ke boko ba mochine oa CNC. E hlalosa tlhahisoleseding e tsoang ho sesebelisoa sa ho kenya le ho laola, ho e fetola ho ba litaelo tse nepahetseng tse tsamaisang metsamao le mesebetsi ea mochine. MCU e hokahanya mesebetsi ea li-motor, lipompo, li-solenoid le likarolo tse ling tsa mochini ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bonolo le e nepahetseng.

● Mochine oa Mochine

●

○ Baetsi ba 'mele ba CNC Machining

Sistimi ea mochini e ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea' nete le sebopeho sa mochini oa mosebetsi. Sistimi ena e kenyelletsa likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse sebetsang hammoho ho fihlela sephetho se lakatsehang sa mochini:

1. Mokhoa oa ho khanna : Ho sebelisa li-screws le li-motor, tsamaiso ea ho khanna e tsamaisa mosebetsi o amanang le mochine oa mochine. Motsamao ona o laoloang ke oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka ho nepahala le ho nepahala ha tšebetso ea machining.

2. Sesebelisoa sa Mochine le Tool Turret : Sesebelisoa sa mochine, se kang lathe, leloala, kapa router, se tlosa thepa ho tloha mosebetsing ha se ntse se tsamaea. Turret ea sesebelisoa kapa mochine o fetolang lisebelisoa o ntlafatsa bokhoni ba mochine ka ho o lumella hore o fetohe pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ka ho toba, kahoo o etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ntle le ho kenella ka letsoho.

3. Likarolo Tsa Tšehetso : Likarolo tse kang hlooho, chuck, spindle, le tailstock li fana ka tšehetso e hlokahalang le botsitso ho workpiece nakong ea machining. Bethe ea mochini e fana ka ts'epo ea sebopeho ho tlhophiso eohle, ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso eohle e etsoa hantle le ka nepo.

4. Coolant Tank : Ho sebetsa ka mochine ho hlahisa mocheso o matla, o ka senyang mochine oa mochine le mochine oa mosebetsi. Tanka e pholisang e boloka le ho fana ka sepholisa ho fokotsa mocheso ona, ka ho etsa joalo e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mochini le bophelo bo bolelele.

● Feedback System

●

○ The Precision Enhancer of CNC Machining

Sistimi ea maikutlo ke mohale ea sa buuoeng o netefatsang hore ts'ebetso ea mochini oa CNC e lula e nepahetse ebile e nepahetse. Sistimi ena e na le li-transducer le li-sensor tse lulang li lekola boemo le lebelo la sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha:

1. Li-Transducers le Li-Sensors : Likarolo tsena li fana ka data ea sebele - nako mabapi le boemo ba sesebelisoa le lebelo le amanang le workpiece. Lintlha tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lokisa liphoso le ho boloka ho nepahala ho phahameng ho batloang ke mekhoa ea morao-rao ea machining.

2. Tokiso ea Phoso : Sistimi ea maikutlo e etsa papiso e sa khaotseng pakeng tsa liphetho tse lakatsehang (joalokaha li hlophisitsoe ho MCU) le litekanyo tsa nnete. Ho se lumellane hofe kapa hofe ho lokisoa hang-hang ka ho lokisa metsamao le mesebetsi ea mochini, ka hona ho fokotsa liphoso le ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea boleng bo holimo.

Qetellong, ho utloisisa likarolo tsena tse tharo tsa bohlokoa-tsamaiso ea taolo, mochine oa mochine, le tsamaiso ea maikutlo-e fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le hore na mechine ea CNC e finyella maemo a phahameng joalo a ho nepahala, ho sebetsa hantle le ho pheta-pheta. Ka ho tseba likarolo tsena, li-operators le bafani ba likarolo tsa cnc machining ba ka ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona, ba netefatsa tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo tse fihlelang maemo a nepahetseng a liindasteri tse fapaneng.

Ho aha mochini oa CNC ho kenyelletsa ho kopanya likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e kenya letsoho ho nepahala, ho ts'epahala le ho sebetsa hantle ha sistimi. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsena le mesebetsi ea tsona ho bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea batlang ho aha mochini oa CNC o sebetsang hantle haholo.

Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa tsa Mochini oa CNC

● Foreimi

Motheo oa mochine ofe kapa ofe oa CNC ke foreimi ea oona. Karolo ena e tlameha ho ba e thata ka mokhoa o makatsang le e tsitsitseng, kaha e fana ka tšehetso ea sebopeho bakeng sa tsamaiso eohle. Foreimi e matla e fokotsa ho feto-fetoha, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore likarolo tsa mochini li sebetsa hantle. Ho sisinyeha hofe kapa hofe ka har'a foreime ho ka lebisa ho se nepahaleng, kahoo ho sebelisa boleng bo holimo, lisebelisoa tse thata bakeng sa foreimi ho bohlokoa.

● Lethathamo

Tafole, eo ka linako tse ling e bitsoang "spoilboard" kapa "wasteboard", e boloka mosebetsi o le teng. Tafole e feto-fetohang e nang le vacuum pull-down kapa li-slots tsa T- tse kopantsoeng e fana ka maemo a bonolo a ho koala lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa mosebetsi. Kaho ea aluminium extrusion ke khetho e ratoang ka lebaka la ho leka-lekanya ho satalla le boima ba eona. Bakeng sa matla a ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho ka sebelisoa tafole ea T-slot e nang le li-axes tse peli, e fana ka lintlha tse ngata bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mosebetsi.

● Spindle

Spindle ke pelo ea mochini oa CNC, o khanna sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha. Hangata e kopantsoe le shaft ea enjene 'me e itšetleha ka li-bearings tsa enjene. Boleng ba li-bearings tsena bo bohlokoa, kaha li-bearings tse hlephileng kapa tse tsofetseng li ka senya ho nepahala le bophelo bo bolelele ba sistimi. Spindle e hlokometsoeng hantle e netefatsa ts'ebetso e boreleli, e fokotsang lerata le ho thothomela, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa likarolo tsa machining tse nepahetseng.

● Litsela (Litsela Tse Sliding)

Litsela kapa li-slide ke lipina tse tsamaeang tse lumellang lilepe tsa X, Y, le Z ho tsamaea. Likarolo tsena li bohlokoa molemong oa ho nepahala ha mochini oa CNC, kaha li tataisa motsamao oa spindle le workpiece. Precision- lithupa tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang fatše li sebelisoa hangata, ka lihlahla tse sa hlakang kapa li-collars tsa bolo tse potolohang. Litlhophiso tse turang haholo li ka sebelisa lipina tsa V- tse nang le mabelo a libolo tse kolobisitsoeng, tse tiisitsoeng bakeng sa ho nepahala le botsitso.

● Axis Drive

Li-axis drives li fetola motsamao o potolohang oa li-stepper motors hore e be motsamao o otlolohileng, o bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea mochini oa CNC. Mechini e theko e tlase hangata e sebelisa mabanta a meno kapa a nako, a ka tšoarellang ka mokhoa o makatsang ha a bolokiloe a hloekile. Mechini e holimo - ea ho qetela e kanna ea sebelisa li-sccrews tsa bolo tse potolohang, tse fanang ka motsamao o bonolo le hysteresis e fokotsehileng. Leha ho le joalo, litsamaiso tsena li hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho thibela tšoaetso le ho roala.

● Molaoli oa CNC

Molaoli oa CNC ke boko ba mochini, o phethahatsang litaelo tsa G-code tse laolang metsamao ea sistimi. Taolo ena e hokahanya lienjineri tse fapaneng tsa stepper le enjene ea spindle, e netefatsa liketso tse nepahetseng le tse phetoang. Hangata e lula ka har'a komporo e le 'ngoe - boto, e nang le li-processor, memori, le mekhoa e kopaneng ea ts'ireletso. Taolo ea CNC e tšepahalang e netefatsa ts'ebetso le ho nepahala ha mochini ka kakaretso, ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo tsa mochini o nepahetseng oa boleng bo holimo.

Lintlha tse Eketsehileng le Lisebelisoa

● CNC Router Bits

Li-router bits ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa mochini ofe kapa ofe oa CNC. Tsena li kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-drill le li-cutters, tse kang li-face mill, li-end mill le li-ball end mill. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa biti o etselitsoe mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea mochini, e kenyang letsoho ho tenyetseheng le ho nepahala ha mochini.

● Collet le Tool Holder

Collet ke mokhoa o bonolo empa o sebetsang oa clamping o tšoereng sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha. Ha e kopantsoe le collet chuck, e tiisa hore sesebelisoa se lula se tiisitsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng nakong ea ts'ebetso. Litlhophisong tse tsoetseng pele haholo, ho ka sebelisoa mochine o fetolang lisebelisoa, o lumellang mochini hore o fetole lisebelisoa ntle le ho kenella ka letsoho.

● Li-Suction Pods tsa Vacuum

Lisebelisoa tsa vacuum clamping kapa li-pods tse monyang li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa mosebetsi kapele le ka nepo. Li na le thuso ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa, e nolofalletsang ho tsosolosoa ka potlako ha lisebelisoa tse ncha ntle le tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng.

Qetello

Ho theha mochini oa CNC ho kenyelletsa khetho e hlokolosi ea likarolo, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea sistimi. Ho tloha foreiming e tiileng le tafole e feto-fetohang ho ea ho seluloana se nepahetseng hantle le litsela tse tšepahalang, karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tlameha ho khethoa le ho hlokomeloa ho nahanoa ka nepo. Ho utloisisa lintlha tsena ho netefatsa hore ho theoa mochini oa CNC o khonang ho hlahisa likarolo tsa machining tsa boleng bo holimo, tse khotsofatsang litlhoko tsa batho ba ratang ho itlosa bolutu le litsebi ka ho tšoana.

Ka sebele! Mona ke 500-khopi ea mantsoe ka sehlooho sa "Likarolo tse kholo tsa 7 tsa mochini oa CNC ke life?" e ngotsoeng ka molumo oa setsebi, e nang le mantsoe a kenyelletsoeng a "CNC machining parts supplier".

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Ho utloisisa likarolo tse 7 tse kholo tsa mochini oa CNC

Sebakeng sa tlhahiso ea sejoale-joale, mechini ea CNC (Computer Numerical Control) e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Mechine ena e rarahaneng, e hlokometsoeng ke software e tsoetseng pele, e thusa ho finyella mesebetsi e nepahetseng le e pheta-phetoang ea tlhahiso. Ho utloisisa katleho le bokhoni ba mechini ea CNC, motho o tlameha ho utloisisa likarolo tsa eona tse supileng tse kholo.

1. Bethe

Motheong oa mochine ofe kapa ofe oa CNC o robala bethe. Sebopeho sena se matla se tšehetsa mochini oohle, se netefatsa botsitso le ho nepahala nakong ea ts'ebetso. E hahiloe ka tšepe ea boleng bo holimo kapa thepa e ts'oanang e tšoarellang ho fokotsa ho thothomela, e ka senyang ho nepahala ha mochini. Moralo oa bethe o kenyelletsa likanale tse fapa-fapaneng le lintlha tsa ho phahamisa likarolo tse ling, e leng se etsang hore e be motheo oa mohaho oa mochine.

2. Hlooho

E le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea machining, hlooho ea hlooho e boloka enjene e kholo ea koloi le spindle. Spindle e bohlokoa kaha e ts'oara le ho potoloha sesebelisoa sa ho seha kapa sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi. Ho potoloha hona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea mesebetsi ea machining, ho kenyelletsa le ho sila, ho reteleha le ho cheka. Tlhophiso e nepahetseng le kaho e matla ea li-headstock li lumella ho sebetsa ka lebelo le holimo ntle le ho senya ho nepahala, ho totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho fumana likarolo tsa boleng ho tsoa ho morekisi ea tšepahalang oa likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC.

3. The Tailstock

Haholo-holo e sebetsa mochining oa CNC oa lathe, tailstock e fana ka tšehetso e eketsehileng bakeng sa li-workpieces tse telele. E behiloe khahlano le hlooho ea hlooho, e netefatsa hore workpiece e lula e tsitsitse nakong ea ts'ebetso ea machining. Karolo ena e ka fetoloa haufi le bethe 'me e na le quill e ntlafatsang setsi sa ts'ehetso ho ea mosebetsing, kahoo ho boloka ho lumellana le botsitso.

4. Koloi

Koloi ke sethala se suthehang se tsamaeang ka bolelele haufi le bethe ea mochini, se nkile lisebelisoa tsa ho seha. Karolo ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa boemo bo nepahetseng le ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mochini. E na le li-slide tsa sefapano, kariki e nolofalletsa sesebelisoa ho tsamaea ka lilepe tse tšekaletseng le tse otlolohileng, e leng se lumellang ho khaola ka mokhoa o rarahaneng le o nepahetseng. Ho nepahala ha motsamao oa koloi ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nepahala ka kakaretso ha mochini oa CNC, ho totobatsa tlhoko ea likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo ho tsoa ho morekisi ea tšepahalang oa likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC.

5. The Computer Controller

Hangata e bitsoa "boko" ba mochine oa CNC, molaoli oa k'homphieutha o toloka lifaele tsa moralo (hangata ka G-code) ebe o li fetolela ho metsamao ea mechine. Sebopeho sena se rarahaneng sa software se lumella basebelisi ho kenya litaelo tse nepahetseng, ho etsa bonnete ba hore ts'ebetso ea machining e latela ka hloko litlhaloso tsa moralo. Ho sebetsa hantle ha mochine ho ama ts'ebetso ea mochini ka kotloloho, ho e etsa e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa mochining oa sejoale-joale oa CNC.

6. The Coolant Supply Tube

Ts'ebetso ea machining e hlahisa mocheso o mongata, o ka amang sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha le sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi. Thepa ea phepelo e pholileng e fana ka metsi a pholileng sebakeng seo ho sehang ho sona, e ntša mocheso le ho fokotsa khohlano. Sena ha se lelefatse bophelo ba lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha feela empa hape se thibela ho senyeha ha mocheso oa workpiece. Taolo e nepahetseng ea li-coolant e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka bots'epehi ba ts'ebetso ea mochini.

7. Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Chip

Nakong ea machining, li-chips kapa li-shavings tsa thepa li hlahisoa, tse ka sitisang sebaka sa ho itšeha le ho sitisa ts'ebetso. Tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ea li-chip e bokella ka katleho le ho tlosa lisebelisoa tsena tsa litšila, ho etsa bonnete ba hore sebaka sa mosebetsi se lula se hloekile ebile se sa thijoe. Sistimi ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka ts'ebetso e bonolo ea mochini oa CNC le ho thibela tšenyo ea likarolo tsa eona. Morekisi ea tšepahalang oa likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC hangata o fana ka litharollo tse kopaneng tsa taolo ea chip ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso.

Qetellong, tšebelisano ea likarolo tsena tse supileng tse kholo li netefatsa ts'ebetso e matla le e nepahetseng ea mechini ea CNC. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho tloha betheng ho ea ho tsamaiso ea li-chip, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fana ka litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle tse lebeletsoeng tlhahiso ea morao-rao. Ho sebelisana 'moho le morekisi ea nang le botumo bo botle ba likarolo tsa mochini oa CNC ho netefatsa hore likarolo tsena ke tsa boleng bo holimo, ka hona ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso le bophelo bo bolelele ba mochini oa CNC.

CNC, kapa Computerized Numerical Control, e emela phetoho e kholo lefapheng la mechini, e fetolang haholo hore na lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso li etsoa joang. Motheong oa eona, CNC e bolela hore lisebelisoa tsa mochini li laoloa ke komporo ka bo eona ho fapana le ho tsamaisoa ke batho ka kotloloho. Phetoho ena ho tloha taolong ea matsoho ho ea ho othomathike ea khomphutha e kentse mehla e mecha ea ho nepahala, ho sebetsa hantle, le ho feto-fetoha ha tšebetso ea machining.

● Boemo ba Histori le Tsoelo-pele

Khopolo ea mechine ea CNC e ile ea qala ho ba teng lilemong tsa bo-1940 le bo-1950 ka ho fihla ha mechine ea NC (Numerical Control), e neng e sebelisa theipi ea pampiri kapa likarete tse phunyeletsoeng ho tsamaisa metsamao ea mochine. E bile feela ka bo-1960, ka kopanyo ea likhomphutha, moo lentsoe CNC le ileng la tsebahala haholo. Nts'etsopele ea G-code, puo ea mananeo bakeng sa mechini ea CNC, e nolofalelitse taolo e nepahetseng ea metsamao ea lisebelisoa tsa mochini, ea rala motheo oa mechini e tsoetseng pele eo re e bonang kajeno.

● Mekhoa e ka Sehloohong ea Mechini ea CNC

Theknoloji ea CNC e kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata ea machining, e shebaneng haholo le tlhahiso ea li-chips ka mekhoa ea ho fokotsa. Mekhoa ea mantlha e kenyelletsa:

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○ Ho sila

Ha ho siloa, seluloana se pota-potileng se tlosa thepa ho tloha mosebetsing ho etsa sebopeho se lakatsehang. Ts'ebetso ena e sebetsa ka mokhoa o fapaneng haholo 'me e ka etsoa ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa litšepe, likhomphutha le polasetiki.

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○ Ho phethola

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○ Ho phethola

ho akarelletsa ho bilika lesela la ho ohla ha seluloana se tsitsitseng se tlosa thepa. Mokhoa ona o sebetsa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho theha likarolo tsa cylindrical 'me hangata o sebelisoa ha ho etsoa likaroloana tse kang shafts le fasteners.

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○ Ho cheka

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○ Ho cheka

ke ts'ebetso e otlolohileng moo lesoba le phuntsoeng ka har'a mosebetsi. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha likarolo tse hlokang masoba a nepahetseng bakeng sa ho kopanya kapa ho etsa machining.

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○ Ho sila

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○ Ho sila

e sebelisa lebili le bilikang ho tlosa lintho tse bobebe. Ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela liphetho tse ntle le mamello e phahameng - e nepahetseng.

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○ Ho sakha

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○ Ho sakha

e sebedisa lehare ho seha thepa ka dikarolo. Hangata e sebelisoa methating ea pele ea mochini ho arola lisebelisoa tse kholoanyane ka boholo bo laolehang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele.

● Mesebetsi e Tsoetseng Pele ea ho Qetela

Ntle le lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa subtractive, mochini oa CNC o boetse o sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa ho phethela. Mohlala:

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○ Ho tlatsa

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○ Ho tlatsa

e kopanya likarolo tsa ho sila le ho sakha, ho tlosa lisebelisoa tse bobebe ho ea ho tse boreleli le likarolo tsa deburr.

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○ Ho bentša le ho Hlatsoa borashe

Ts'ebetso tsena li sebelisa mekhoa e hlabang ho theha libaka tse boreleli kapa tse benyang, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba botle le ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse entsoeng ka mochini.

● Mefuta ea Mechini ea CNC

Mefuta e fapaneng ea mechini ea CNC e kholo, e sebetsana le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa mochini. Mechini e sebelisoang hangata e kenyelletsa:

3-, 4-, le 5-Axis

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○ Ho sila

Mechini

Mechini ena e fana ka likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho rarahana le ho tsamaea, e lumellang hore ho thehoe likarolo tse rarahaneng tse nang le litekanyo tse nepahetseng.

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○ Ho phethola

Mechini

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○ Ho phethola

mechine e etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho potoloha workpiece, ho amohela mefuta e mengata ea likarolo tsa cylindrical.

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○ Mechini e Etsang Lintho Tse Ngata

Ho kopanya bokhoni ba ho sila le ho reteleha, metjhini e etsang lintho tse ngata joalo ka turn-mill le mill-turns e fana ka maemo le bokhoni ba ho etsa likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa machining.

● Boiketsetso ho CNC Machining

Boiketsetso ba lits'ebetso tsa mochini oa CNC bo ntlafalitse indasteri le ho feta. Boikemisetso bo reretsoe ho fokotsa ho kenella ha batho ka ho kopanya likarolo tse kang:

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○ Moralo oa Tlhahiso o Ikemetseng

Ho iketsetsa moralo oa tlhahiso le taolo ea lisebelisoa ho netefatsa khokahanyo e se nang moeli pakeng tsa mechini, lits'ebetso tsa data le basebetsi ba batho. Kopanyo ena e matlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho nepahala ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso.

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○ Tšebetso ea 'Mele le Ts'ebetso

Boiketsetso bo atolohela ho thehoeng ha likarolo tsa 'mele, ho kenyelletsa le phetisetso ea li-pallets tsa machining, ho kenya lisebelisoa / ho laolla, le liphetoho tsa lisebelisoa. Liroboto le litsamaiso tse iketsetsang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng maemo a ts'oanang le a holimo - boleng ba tlhahiso.

● Qetello

CNC mochining e bonts'a phetoho ea lits'ebetso tsa setso tsa tlhahiso hore e be litsamaiso tse sebetsang hantle haholo, tse nepahetseng le tse ikemetseng. Ka ho sebelisa taolo ea likhomphutha, theknoloji ea CNC e butse tsela ea tsoelo-pele ea bokhoni ba machining, e nolofalletsang tlhahiso ea likarolo tse rarahaneng le tse phahameng - tse mamellang ka nepo e ke keng ea bapisoa. Phetoho ena e ntse e tsoela pele ho hlahisa mekhoa e mecha indastering ea tlhahiso, e ts'episang ts'ebetso e kholoanyane le menyetla ea nako e tlang.

CNC machining e kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso le mahlale a morao-rao a bohlokoa molemong oa sejoale-joale oa tlhahiso. Motheong oa eona, mochini oa CNC (Computer Numerical Control) o kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea software e hlophisitsoeng esale pele ho laola motsamao le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa feme le metjhini. Boiketsetso bona bo lumella ho etsoa ka nepo le ka nepo ha likarolo le likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa liindasteri tse hlokang maemo a holimo a ho nepahala le ho pheta-pheta.

● Likaroloana tsa mantlha tsa CNC Machining

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○ CNC Software le Programming

Bohareng ba machining ea CNC ke software e hlophisang le ho laela metsamao ea mochini. Software ena, eo hangata e bitsoang G-code, e laola likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea mochini, joalo ka lebelo, sekhahla sa phepelo, le khokahano ea lisebelisoa tsa mochini. Leeto le qala ka litšoantšo tsa 2D kapa 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tse fetoletsoeng ka mochini-khoutu e balehang. Khoutu ena e bolokiloe mohopolong oa komporo mme e ka fetoloa ke baetsi ba mananeo ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho etsa lintho. Boemo ba boiketsetso bo hlahisitsoeng ke khoutu ena bo fokotsa haholo tlhoko ea ho kenella ha batho, ho netefatsa hore mesebetsi e etsoa ka nepo e phahameng le e tsitsitseng.

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○ Mefuta ea Mechini ea CNC

Ho sebelisoa mefuta e mengata ea mechini ea CNC, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebetsa mesebetsing e itseng nakong ea tlhahiso. Mohlala, li-mill tsa CNC li na le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsana le mesebetsi e fapaneng joalo ka ho cheka, ho seha, le ho bopa ka likhothaletso tse hlophisehang tse tataisang metsamao ho pholletsa le lilepe tse ngata. Li-Lathes ke mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng, o etselitsoeng ho khaola lisebelisoa ka mokhoa o chitja ho etsa lipaterone le libopeho tse rarahaneng. Ho phaella moo, li-cutters tsa plasma le mechine ea ho ntša motlakase (EDMs) li fana ka bokhoni bo ikhethang ba ho seha ka tšepe le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa conductive ka ho nepahala ho ikhethang.

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○ Litheknoloji tsa Advanced Cutting

CNC machining e boetse e kenyelletsa mahlale a tsoetseng pele a ho itšeha joalo ka li-jet cutters tsa metsi. Mechini ena e sebelisa melapo e phahameng - ea khatello ea metsi, eo ka linako tse ling e kopantsoeng le lisebelisoa tse chehang, ho khaola lintho tse thata tse kang granite le tšepe. Mokhoa ona o molemo ka ho khetheha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho khaola ho nepahetseng ntle le ho sotha ha mocheso ho amanang le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho itšeha tšepe. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho joalo ho etsa hore mochini oa CNC e be oa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa likarolo ho tloha sebakeng sa sefofane ho isa ho likoloi, moo ho nepahala le botšepehi ba lintho tse bonahalang e leng tsa bohlokoa.

● Likarolo tsa Precision Machineing

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○ Ho Etsa Lintho tse Phahameng - Ho nepahala

E 'ngoe ea likopo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa machining CNC ke tlhahiso ea likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa mochini. Likarolo tsena li bohlokoa liindastering moo ho mamellana hantle le ts'ebetso e se nang sekoli e ke keng ea buisana. Ebang ke ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa sefofane, likarolo tsa likoloi, kapa lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa bongaka, CNC machining e tiisa hore karolo ka 'ngoe e finyella litekanyetso tse thata tsa boleng bo hlokahalang. Bokhoni ba ho hlahisa likarolo tse joalo - tse nepahetseng li tsoa taolong e hlokolosi ea ts'ebetso ea machining eo litsamaiso tsa CNC li fanang ka tsona.

● Ho iketsetsa le ho sebetsa ka katleho

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○ E butsoe 'me e Koetsoe-Loop Systems

Sistimi ea machining ea CNC hangata e sebetsa ka li-open-loop kapa tse koetsoeng-loop controls. Lits'ebetsong tse bulehileng - loop, mats'oao a tsamaea ka tsela e sa lekanyetsoang ho tloha ho molaoli oa CNC ho ea ho enjene, e loketseng mesebetsi e hlokang matla a fokolang le lebelo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litsamaiso tse koetsoeng - loop li fana ka maikutlo ho molaoli, tse nolofalletsang ho lokisa liphoso le ho netefatsa maemo a holimo a ho nepahala le boleng. Loop ena ea maikutlo e bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri moo botsitso le ts'epahalo ea likarolo tse entsoeng ka mochini li ke keng tsa senyeha.

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○ Khokahano le Robotic Systems

Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa mochini oa CNC hangata li kenyelletsa litsamaiso tsa liroboto ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso. Liroboto tsena li ka fetisetsa likarolo lipakeng tsa mechini e fapaneng, e lumellang hore ho be le ts'ebetso e se nang moeli e fokotsang nako le ho eketsa tlhahiso. Ka ho kopanya mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng seleng e le ’ngoe ea othomathike, bahlahisi ba ka hlahisa likarolo tse rarahaneng ka tsela e atlehileng haholoanyane le ka litšenyehelo tse tlaase.

● Qetello

CNC machining e emela tsoelo-pele e kholo ho thekenoloji ea tlhahiso, e fanang ka ho nepahala ho ke keng ha bapisoa, ho tenyetseha le ho sebetsa hantle. Ho tloha ho likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa machining ho isa ho likarolo tse matla tsa indasteri, bokhoni ba mochini oa CNC bo boholo ebile bo fapane. Ka ho sebelisa software e tsoetseng pele, mefuta e fapaneng ea mochini, le litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa taolo, liindasteri li ka fihlela maemo a holimo a boleng le ts'ebetso e hlokahalang 'marakeng oa kajeno oa tlholisano.

Theknoloji ea Computer Numerical Control (CNC) e fetotse indasteri ea tlhahiso ka ho hlahisa ho nepahala ho phahameng, ho iketsetsa le ho sebetsa ka katleho tlhahisong ea likarolo tse rarahaneng. Ho utloisisa melao-motheo e tšehetsang theknoloji ea CNC ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebelisa melemo ea eona ka katleho. Ho na le melaoana e meraro ea mantlha e thehang motheo oa CNC: automation, ho nepahala, le ho ikamahanya le maemo.

Boiketsetso

Boiketsetso

ke motheo oa theknoloji ea CNC. E lumella mechini ho etsa tatellano e reriloeng esale pele ntle le ho kenella ha motho, ka hona e fokotsa kotsi ea liphoso tsa batho le ho eketsa tlhahiso haholo. Ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso, basebetsi ba batho ba ne ba ikarabella bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tataisang ka letsoho, tse neng li sa je nako feela empa hape li atisa ho se lumellane. Theknoloji ea CNC e iketsetsa mesebetsi ena ka ho sebelisa software e fetolelang meralo ea dijithale hore e be litaelo tsa mochini. Boiketsetso bona bo netefatsa hore likarolo li hlahisoa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le ka ho nepahala ho phahameng, ho ntlafatsa boleng le lebelo la tlhahiso.

● Karoloana: Phoso ea Batho e Fokotsoeng

E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mantlha ea boiketsetso ho CNC ke phokotso ea liphoso tsa batho.

Nepahalo

likarolo tsa machining li hloka boemo ba ho nepahala boo hangata bo ke keng ba finyelloa ka mekhoa ea matsoho. Mechini e ikemetseng ea CNC e latela litaelo tse hlakileng ka mokhoa o tsotehang, ho netefatsa hore karolo ka 'ngoe e hlahisoa ka har'a mamello e thata ka ho fetisisa. Ho tsitsana hona ho bohlokoa haholo liindastering moo esita le ho kheloha ho fokolang ho ka lebisang mathateng a maholo.

Nepahalo

Nepahalo

ke molao-motheo o mong oa bohlokoa oa theknoloji ea CNC. Bokhoni ba ho hlahisa likarolo tse nepahetseng haholo le tse rarahaneng ke tsona tse khethollang CNC ho mekhoa e meng ea tlhahiso.

Nepahalo

likarolo tsa machining li bohlokoa liindasteri tse kang sefofane, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, le boenjiniere ba likoloi, moo lintlha tse hlakileng li hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le polokeho. Mechini ea CNC e fihlella boemo bona ba ho nepahala ka litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa taolo le lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo.

● Karoloana: Ho Mamelloa le ho Pheta-pheta

Mechini ea CNC e etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka har'a mamello e thata haholo, hangata e lekantsoeng ka li-microns. Bokhoni bona bo bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa likarolo tse lumellanang hantle 'me li sebetsa ka mokhoa o reriloeng. Ho feta moo, theknoloji ea CNC e sebetsa hantle ka ho pheta-pheta - bokhoni ba ho hlahisa likarolo tse ngata tse tšoanang ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Ho pheta-pheta hona ho tiisa hore karolo ka 'ngoe e kopana le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang, ho fokotsa litšila le ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso.

Ho ikamahanya le maemo

Molao-motheo oa boraro oa theknoloji ea CNC ke ho ikamahanya le maemo. Mechini ea sejoale-joale ea CNC e feto-fetoha ka mokhoa o makatsang ebile e khona ho sebetsana le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa le lijeometri tse rarahaneng. Ho ikamahanya le maemo hona ho lumella bahlahisi hore ba fetohe kapele lipakeng tsa mesebetsi e fapaneng le ho hlahisa likarolo tse fapaneng ntle le ho hlophisa bocha kapa ho fokotsa nako.

● Karoloana: Potlako ea Prototyping le Customization

Ho ikamahanya le maemo ha theknoloji ea CNC ho molemo haholo bakeng sa prototyping e potlakileng le ho e etsa. Baetsi ba ka etsa li-prototype ka potlako ho leka le ho netefatsa meralo pele ba etsa tlhahiso e felletseng - Ho feta moo, metjhini ea CNC e ka hlophisoa bocha ho hlahisa likarolo tse ikhethileng tse lumellanang le litlhoko tse itseng. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho bohlokoa haholo 'marakeng oa kajeno o potlakileng-o potlakileng, moo bokhoni ba ho arabela ka potlako litlhoko tse fetohang ke monyetla oa tlholisano.

Qetellong, melao-motheo e meraro ea CNC - ho iketsetsa, ho nepahala, le ho ikamahanya le maemo - ke eona e etsang hore theknoloji ena e fetohe haholo lefapheng la tlhahiso.

Boiketsetso

e fokotsa liphoso tsa batho mme e eketsa tlhahiso, ho nepahala ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo, 'me ho ikamahanya le maemo ho fana ka phetoho e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa li-prototyping tse potlakileng le ho li etsa. Ka ho sebelisa melao-motheo ena, bahlahisi ba ka finyella katleho e kholoanyane, botsitso, le mekhoa e mecha ha ho etsoa likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa mochine.

Mochine oa CNC (Computer Numerical Control) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea morao-rao, e fanang ka ho nepahala le ho sebetsa hantle ho ke keng ha bapisoa. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa eona ho tla thusa basebelisi le ba chesehelang ho holisa bokhoni ba eona. Ha re hlahlobeng lintlha tsa mantlha le tsa bobeli tse etsang mochini oa CNC.

● Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa Mochini oa CNC

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○ Bethe

Bethe e sebetsa e le motheo oa mochini oohle oa CNC. Ka tloaelo e entsoe ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe ka lebaka la matla a eona le ho tšoarella ha eona, bethe e tšehetsa likarolo tse ling kaofela 'me e boloka ho tiea ha mochine ka kakaretso, ho netefatsa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho sebetsa.

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○ Kenya Sesebelisoa

Sesebelisoa sa ho kenya se hlahisa litaelo tsa mochini ho sistimi ea CNC. Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa li-punch tape readers, li-magnetic tape readers, le lik'homphieutha tse hokahaneng ka RS-232-C. Karolo ena e fetolela litaelo tsa basebelisi ho ba litaelo tsa ts'ebetso ea mochini.

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○ Setsi sa Taolo ea Mochini (MCU)

Hangata e bitsoa boko ba tsamaiso ea CNC, the

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○ Setsi sa Taolo ea Mochini (MCU)

e khetholla litaelo tsa lenaneo le ho laola ts'ebetso ea mantlha. E laola likarolo tsa bohlokoa joalo ka lebelo la spindle, liphetoho tsa lisebelisoa, litefiso tsa phepelo, le ho qala le ho emisa ha mesebetsi. MCU e netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etsoa ka nepo.

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○ Sehlopha sa Taolo

Sehlopha sa taolo se sebetsa e le setsi sa puisano sa mochine. E lumella basebelisi ho kenya litaelo, ho lokisa litlhophiso, le ho beha leihlo boemo ba mochini. Phanele ea taolo e bohlokoa bakeng sa 'nete - taolo ea nako le ho lokisa - tokiso ea ts'ebetso ea mochini.

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○ Setsi sa Pontšo

Sesebelisoa sa ponts'o hangata se na le sebali se bonts'ang lintlha tsohle tse amehang, ho kenyeletsoa mananeo a hajoale, boemo ba ts'ebetso, le melaetsa ea liphoso. E fana ka sebopeho sa pono bakeng sa basebelisi ho sebelisana le mochini hantle.

● Likarolo tsa Bobeli tsa Mochini oa CNC

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○ Lisebelisoa tsa Mochini

Lisebelisoa tsa mochini li kenyelletsa likarolo tse fapaneng tse tsamaeang joalo ka tafole e thellang le spindle. Tafole e thellang e tsamaisana le lilepe tsa X le Y, ha spindle e sebetsa ho bapa le axis ea Z. Hammoho, ba etsa mesebetsi ea ho seha kapa ea ho sebetsa ka nepo e phahameng.

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○ Chuck

E lutse holim'a spindle e kholo, chuck ke sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi - se ts'oarellang se bolokang sesebelisoa sebakeng sa ts'ebetso. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho tsitsisa mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa, ho etsa bonnete ba hore mochine o nepahetseng le o tsitsitseng.

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○ Headstock le Tailstock

The headstock ke karolo ea bohlokoa moo workpiece e khomaretsoeng, ha tailstock e fana ka tšehetso e eketsehileng, haholo-holo nakong ea mesebetsi e kang ho thinya le ho khoele. The tailstock quill e thusa ho arolelana mosebetsi o lekanang pakeng tsa hlooho ea hlooho le tailstock, ho matlafatsa botsitso.

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○ Sistimi ea ho khanna

Sistimi ea ho khanna e kenyelletsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa joalo ka li-circuits tsa amplifier, li-motors tsa bolo, le li-screws. Likarolo tsena li netefatsa hore mochini o sebetsa hantle le ka nepo. Li-drive tsa CNC servo le li-motors tsa AC servo li bohlokoa ho boloka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng.

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○ Sistimi ea maikutlo

Sistimi ea maikutlo e kenyelletsa li-transducer tsa boemo le motsamao tse hlokomelang motsamao le sebaka sa sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha. Li-transducer tsena li romela matšoao ho MCU, e e lumellang hore e lokise motsamao le boemo ba tafole le spindle kamoo ho hlokahalang, ho netefatsa ho sebetsa ka nepo.

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○ Footswitch kapa Pedal

The footswitch kapa pedal e sebelisoa ke opareitara ho laola chuck, ho nolofatsa ketso ea ho bula le ho koala. Karolo ena e lumella matsoho - ts'ebetso ea mahala, e tlatsetsang katlehong le polokehong ea mochini oa CNC.

Ho utloisisa likarolo tsena ho bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea amehang machining a CNC. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore mochini o sebetsa hantle le ka nepo. Bakeng sa ba batlang ho hlokomela kapa ho ntlafatsa mechini ea bona ea CNC, ho bohlokoa ho fumana likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo ho tsoa ho morekisi ea tsebahalang oa CNC. Sena se netefatsa bophelo bo bolelele le ts'epahalo ts'ebetsong ea hau ea mochini, se u nolofalletsa ho fihlela liphetho tse lakatsehang ka nepo le ka bokhabane.

Ka sebele! Mona ke litaba tse ngotsoeng ho latela litlhoko tsa hau:

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Ho sebetsa ka katleho mochini oa CNC, ho hlokahala likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa le lisebelisoa. Ho utloisisa lintlha tsena ho ke ke ha thusa feela ho tsamaisa tšebetso ea hau hantle empa hape ho netefatsa liphetho tsa boleng bo holimo tsa mochini.

● Software ea Bohlokoa

Mokotla oa ts'ebetso efe kapa efe ea CNC ke software ea eona. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea software e hlokahalang:

1. Design Software (CAD) : Software ena e sebelisetsoa ho etsa meralo ea merero. Hore na o rala likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa machining kapa likarolo tse bonolo, software ea CAD ke sebaka sa hau sa ho qala. E u lumella ho nahana le ho bona merero ea hau sebakeng se fumanehang, ho nolofalletsa ho etsa liphetoho pele ho qaptjoa ha 'nete.

2. CAM Software (Computer-Aided Machining) : Hang ha moralo o phethiloe, software ea CAM e kenella ho hlahisa litsela tsa lisebelisoa le ho fetolela meralo hore e be g-code, e leng puo eo mechini ea CNC e e utloisisang. Software ena e boetse e na le postprocessor e hlophisang g-code ho tsamaisana le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa molaoli oa hau oa CNC. Software e nepahetseng ea CAM e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa ho nepahala le katleho ea likarolo tsa mochini.

3. G-code Sender Software : Qetellong, g-code sender software e romela g-code ho molaoli oa CNC mola ka tatellano. Software ena e sebetsa e le borokho ba puisano pakeng tsa komporo ea hau le mochini oa CNC, ho netefatsa hore mochini o etsa moralo ka nepo.

● Litlhoko tsa Khomphuta

Ha o hloke komporo e matla haholo ho tsamaisa software ea CNC, empa e lokela ho fihlela lintlha tse ling tsa mantlha. Khomphuta e sebetsang Windows 7 kapa e ncha, e nang le bonyane 2GB ea RAM, hangata e lekane. Ntle le moo, komporo e tlameha ho ba le sebali, boema-kepe ba USB bo sebetsang, le panya kapa toeba. Kaha hangata ts'ebetso ea CNC e etsahala libakeng tse lerōle, ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato ea ho boloka komporo e hloekile ebile e se na lerole ho lelefatsa bophelo ba eona le ho boloka ts'ebetso.

● Lisebelisoa tsa Hardware

Ntle le software le komporo, likarolo tse 'maloa tsa Hardware li bohlokoa:

1. Router Bits : Tsena ke lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha tse sebelisoang mecheng ea CNC ho seha le ho bopa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Mofuta oa "router bit" oo u o hlokang o tla ipapisa le lisebelisoa tseo u li etsang le ho rarahana ha moralo.

2. Lisebelisoa le Likarolo : Lisebelisoa tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang li-clamps ho tšoara thepa sebakeng le likarolo tse ncha ho boloka mochine o sebetsa hantle ke tsa bohlokoa.

3. Rotary Axis : Bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa machining tse hlokang ho potoloha ka lilepe tse ngata, axis ea rotary ke tlatsetso e hlokahalang. Karolo ena e thusa mochini oa CNC ho etsa likheo le libopeho tse rarahaneng tse neng li ka se khonehe kapa li ja nako e ngata.

● Tlhokomelo le Bohloeki

Ho boloka mochini oa hau oa CNC le tikoloho ea ona e hloekile ho bohlokoa. Lerōle le lithōle li ka sitisa tšebetso ea mochine ’me tsa fokotsa nako ea bophelo ba oona. Tlhokomelo ea kamehla, joalo ka ho hloekisa mochini le ho sheba likarolo tse khathetseng, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ts'ebetso e sebetsa hantle.

● Qetello

Ka kakaretso, ho sebelisa mochini oa CNC ka nepo, o tla hloka software e ikhethileng, komporo e loketseng, le likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa hardware. Ho tsetela ho software ea boleng ba CAD, CAM, le g-code sender ho tla netefatsa hore meralo ea hau e fetoloa ka nepo hore e be likarolo tse sebetsang tsa mochini. Ho netefatsa hore komporo ea hau e fihlela litlhoko tsa mantlha le ho boloka sebaka sa mosebetsi se hloekile le hona ho tla thusa haholo ho boloka ts'ebetso ea hau ea CNC e sebetsa hantle. Ka ho utloisisa le ho fumana likarolo tsena tse hlokahalang, o ka fihlela liphetho tse nepahetseng le tse sebetsang hantle tsa mochini, o beha sethala sa merero e atlehileng ea CNC.

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Ke tšepa hore sena se finyella litlhoko tsa hau! Ntsebise haeba ho na le litokiso tse ling tseo u li hlokang.